Identifying endocrine problems as early as possible is important in dogs and cats. These serious, potentially life-threatening conditions are more manageable when detected early.

The endocrine system is made up of a group of tissues (mostly glands) that release hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, development and reproduction and are dispersed to different areas of the body, depending on the hormone’s function. When a hormonal balance is disturbed (by a tumor or autoimmune disease, for example), an endocrine disorder can develop. “Hyper” refers to an excess of hormone, and “hypo” refers to a deficiency in a hormone. Treatment varies depending on the disease.

There are several common endocrine disorders found in dogs and cats:

• Diabetes mellitus is caused by a deficiency of or resistance to the hormone insulin.
• Hypothyroidism, mostly diagnosed in dogs, is when an animal has low levels of thyroid hormone.
• Hyperthyroidism, which frequently affects cats, is when an animal has high levels of thyroid hormone.
• Addison’s disease (hypoadrenocorticism) and Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism) can also affect both species, although Cushing’s is rare in cats.

Contact us if your pet begins panting excessively, develops any skin issues (such as hair loss or dull coat) or shows any changes in behavior, energy levels, appetite, weight, water consumption or urination. These signs can all indicate possible endocrine dysfunction.